Network Security Basics for MIFOTRA ICT Exams
7 September 2026
Preparing for MIFOTRA ICT exams? Understand key concepts in network security. Know the differences between Trojans, viruses, worms, and more.
Trojan vs Virus vs Worm
A Trojan disguises itself as legitimate software. It tricks users into installing it. Once inside, it can steal data or cause damage.
A virus attaches to files and needs user action to spread. It can harm system files and steal information.
A worm spreads through networks automatically. It does not need user action to move from computer to computer.
Understanding Phishing
Phishing is a trick to get personal information. Attackers use emails or messages that look real.
Never click on suspicious links. Always verify the source before sharing any personal data.
The Role of Firewalls
Firewalls control incoming and outgoing network traffic. They enforce security policies by filtering data packets.
In Rwanda, using firewalls is crucial for protecting sensitive government data.
Understanding the CIA Triad
CIA stands for Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability. It is a model for designing secure systems.
Confidentiality ensures that information is not disclosed to unauthorized individuals.
Integrity ensures that information is accurate and untampered.
Availability ensures that information is accessible when needed.
Network Security in Rwanda
With increased internet usage, Rwandan public services require strong network security.
Understanding these basics helps safeguard Rwanda's digital infrastructure.
Common questions
A Trojan disguises as legitimate software to enter a system, while a virus attaches to files and requires user action to spread.
A worm is dangerous because it can self-replicate and spread across networks without needing user interaction.
Look for red flags like urgent messages, requests for personal information, and suspicious links or email addresses.
A firewall filters network traffic based on security rules, blocking unauthorized access while allowing legitimate communication.
Practise this
- A doctor reports that they are unable to access the hospital management system from their home computer. What should you do to resolve this issue?
- Which of the following is the best way to handle an angry customer?
- What is the function of a Solid State Drive (SSD)?
- The hospital management system is experiencing issues with data encryption and security due to a compromised encryption key. What is the best approach to resolve this issue while ensuring data protection and minimizing downtime?
- What is the primary purpose of Safe Mode in Windows?
- When a printer is not printing, which of the following should you check first?